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The plot thickens. In Russian the Bishop itself is known by the word for an elephant, generally transliterated as Slon and rhyming with the English Pawn. Does anyone know how they distinguish the two - perhaps Novy Slon (new elephant) for the Bishop and Stary Slon (old elephant) for the Alfil? A book I read says that the Hungarians call the piece Futar, but gives no literal meaning. Does anyone know the literal meaning?
It is notable that three pieces of the type shown in the hexagonal diagram are required to cover the board, suggesting that its true nature is intermediate between the standard Bishop (2 required) and the 3d Unicorn (4 required). Indeed it is arguably more akin to Unicorn than to standard Bishop, as its move comprises steps of length root 3 and its directions, though exceeding the Bishop on a square board, are many fewer than the Bishop on a 3d board.
To English, Portuguese, and Icelandic can be added the Celtic languages, in which this piece's name takes forms such as Easpag or Esgob, obvious derivatives of Episcopus. It is notable that all these are languages of Europe's western edge.
Regarding the hexagonal move, I tend to think in the same way; a Bishop's move is along diagonal lines, without regard to the distance. In general, diagonal to me indicates having two spaces that are orthogonally adjacent to each of the two spaces considered, when the two spaces considered are not themselves orthogonally adjacent.
Well I have recently submitted a variant using FIDE pieces with their square-board definitions on a 3d board on which the ranks are hex boards on their sides, to preserve the square-board change-of-rank requirements as with Quadlevel but through the nature of the pieces rather than any weakening extra restrictions. Thus the Bishop in that game has no move within a hex board. Since my last comment here I have finally discovered the meaning of the Hungarian Futar. It means runner, same as the German Laufer and Dutch Loper.
In fact, 'futár' means 'messenger' in Hungarian, but in chess the bishop is called 'futó', which could mean 'runner' indeed. (I'm not sure if the word 'futó' is derived from 'futár'.)
It would have been nice if Gergely Buglyó had posted his information while I was still trying to find out! Still, better late than never. In the context of pre-industrial armies the terms runner and messenger are fairly interchangeable. The variant with hex-prism cells and the described effect on the bishop has now been posted (http://www.chessvariants.org/hexagonal.dir/honeycomb.html).
In spanish, this piece is called Alfil. It has no other meaning than 'that chess piece that moves diagonally'. As a spanish reader, I sometimes get confused when I see the word 'Alfil' not meaning the Bishop, because this is the piece I think about when I hear that word :)
There are many pieces called 'Elephant' (and Bishop in Russian is also Elephant), many pieces called 'Joker' (Bishop in French is also Joker), many pieces called 'Archer' (also Bishop in one of languages, i don't remember), and there is no Bishop in chess expect Bishop itself!
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