Anglojewish Chess

This family of variants is inspired by the borough of Barnet, historically on the Hertfordshire-Middlesex border north of London, where I have a number of friends. It is most noted for having Britain's largest Jewish community, and one of the largest in Europe. My square-board variant Ecumenical Chess - which has Christian Bishops and Cardinals and Islamic Caliphs - omitted Judaism on the basis that Judaism has many fewer followers than its offshoots, both globally and in many individual nations. I may well be a descendant of one of the Jews in London circa 1800 who changed their surname from Goldmann to Gilman, but if so the family lost its Jewish cultural links in the Midlands until my father began working in London where the surname still carries connotations. Consulting opinions of friends including Julie Rosenfield, who is prominent in the Jewish Vegetarian Society, encouraged me to go ahead with a Jewish-themed variant. I also consulted her on a change of piece name in February 2008. As I know few people outside Britain, Jewish or Gentile, I have chosen a name reflecting the fact.

It occurred to me that a Jewish-themed variant should use hexagonal cells, echoing the angles of the Star of David with its central hexagon where squares echo those of the Christian cross. Changing to a hex board also has the benefit of eliminating the direction of the Bishop in its standard sense. As many hex variants already use a stock set of hex analogues to square-board pieces, I made the Jewish theme an opportunity to introduce curved-path linepieces. These extrapolate from the Rose, whose move comprises up to 6 Knight moves in an "arc" of an octagon. On a square board this piece is harder to extrapolate to radial than to other oblique directions, but on a hex board radial steps separated by 60° turns form a reasonable Curved move. This also limits the pieces' overall range, reflecting Judaism's reluctance to proselytise beyond its native ethnic group. My piece article Man and Beast 09: Mighty Like a Rose gives a fuller list of such pieces in all geometries.

Since posting this variant I have added one with Curved and Straight hex linepieces, 4 Linepiece Hex Chess, and another with both of these alongside Hopping-capture pieces, Sinojewish Chess. Armies of Faith 2's Jewish army, and all Armies of Faith 3 armies, inherit the Rabbi and Sennight but not the Finch whose Jewish context is specific to modern England, the Cohen which had yet to acquire that name, or the Dybbuk which is too weak on a hex-prism board. Star of David 2 Level Chess uses a modified form of AOF2's Jewish army, and Flatstar comes full circle by combining pieces from that variant and this one.

Setup

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I have had an idea for designating cells in hex variants generally, and this variant seems a good place to pioneer it. The cell nearest the first player to move is numbered 11. The next nearest cells are numbered 21 on the left and 12 on the right. The remaining cells are numbered by incrementing digits in the same way. As the board has sides of 6 cells length use can be made of the hexadecimal (coincidentally also abbreviated to hex!) digits a and b (although Compact AJ Chess needs just the decimal digits 1-9). This gives the following orthogonals:
(a) the side leading leftward from 11 through 21, 31, 41... to which any orthogonal with a constant second digit is parallel;
(b) the side leading rightward from 11 through 12, 13, 14... to which any orthogonal with a constant first digit is parallel;
(c) the centre line leading forward from 11 through 22, 33, 44... to which any orthogonal with a constant difference between digits is parallel.
Additionally cell colours correspond to the remainders modulo 3. The description of the colourbound piece will give examples.

Basic Glinski layout:

Basic McCooey layout:

Mixed-bird Glinski layout:

Mixed-bird McCooey layout:

Compact layout:

Anglojewish Courier

Trios Anglojewish

Pieces

	PAWNLIKE PIECES: With the loss of the square-board diagonal the Pawn of FIDE Chess must be replaced by some other piece. Wellisch, Glinski, and McCooey all extrapolated in different ways which, for ease of differentiation, I respectively term the POINT (moves orthogonally forward whether capturing or not), MIGRANT (captures on the half-forward orthogonals), and BROKER (captures on the forward hex diagonals). Another possibility is the CORPORAL, which on this shape of board captures on the half-forward orthogonal to the next file out and on the forward hex diagonal to the next file in. Points are weak in this orientation as they are confined to a single rank just as in Shogi and Xiang Qi and so in the Glinski-Orientation variant of my variant Hexgi. Brokers are probably the most consistent piece as they relate to the stronger pieces' use of two kinds of radial here as Pawns do in FIDE Chess. Migrants are more at home in Altorth Hex Chess, which subdivides orthogonal directions into two groups. Corporals progress consistently toward promotion like square-board Pawns regardless of whether they capture or not. The Migrant is named after Glinski himself (see also my piece article Man and Beast 16: Diverging Further) and the Broker after an occupation of which one branch is qualified with the prefix Pawn. Both are appropriate in reflecting past oppression of Jews (as square-board Pawns represent the oppressed peasantry) forced either to move to a less hostile state or to work in the currency trading on which Christians traditionally looked down, or often to do both in that order. Corporal alludes to the chevron shape of its ranks.
	The ROOK moves any distance through empty intermediate cells along any orthogonal. It is the same piece as on rectilinear boards.
	The FINCH makes up to 4 orthogonal steps through empty cells, turning either 60° left at each intermediate cell or 60° right at each intermediate cell. As with the Rose of square-cell variants, a move never mixes left and right turns. Finches replace one or both Rooks in the array. The Finch is named in honour of Finchley, a major locality within Barnet having three London Underground stations including a junction, as well as being a bird by analogy with Rook. The J.V.S. meet near the north end of Finchley Road.
	The RABBI makes up to 4 steps along hex diagonals through empty cells, again turning either 60° left at each intermediate cell or 60° right at each intermediate cell. Each player has one Rabbi bound to cells dividing by 3 with remainder 2 (e.g. 14, 23, 32, 41, 44), one to cells with remainder 1 (e.g. 13, 31, 34, 43), and one to cells with remainder 0 (e.g. 12, 21, 24, 42). The Rabbi is of course the most widely-known Jewish religious title.
	The SENNIGHT is the root-7 oblique leaper. It moves to the closest cells that cannot be reached from the same start in a single Finch or Rabbi move, and having reached such a cell, goes no further in that move. It cannot be blocked. As Wellisch calls a different piece a Knight, and both could coexist with a FIDE Knight on a hex-prism board, I use a distinctive term. Sennight means a seven-day week, primarily a pun on its SOLL of 7 and the word Knight but especially suiting the theme. Until Christianity became the Roman Empire's official religion, ethnic Jews were the main group observing such a week in Europe.
	The DYBBUK, which is specific to AJ Courier, is the compound of Dabbaba and Eunuch, and moves exactly two cells along any orthogonal or hex diagonal. It has a 1 in 4 binding, independent of the Rabbi's 1 on 3 one, but as with its rectilinear-Courier counterpart the Elephant not all bindings are covered. Its name is an amalgam of its components which also happens to be a demon in Jewish mythology.
	The COHEN or KOHEN combines the Finch and Rabbi moves. Its name is a rank in the historic Jewish priesthood. The former spelling is the more familar, but the latter is sometimes used for the ancient priest to distinguish from the surname widespread in modern Jewish society. For knowledge of the ancient meaning I am indebted to Leo Rosten's books on language. The religious significance reflects the piece's longest-range moves being Rabbi ones. The similarity in sound to the word queen is fitting as this piece is to AJ Chess what the Queen is to FIDE Chess. Countering the maleness of the office, the surname is the maiden one of the notable British women politicians Edwina Currie and Shirley Porter. Finally the hen in it is, like Finch, both a bird and the start of part of Barnet borough, in this case Hendon.
	The Jewish GENERAL moves one square orthogonally only (to be consistent with shortening other ranges) and must be kept out of check. This piece also occurs in the Wellisch hex variant. The name is of course a pun on "Jewelled General", the name for the King in Shogi, but the piece is really more akin to the General in Xiang Qi. I have always imagined a Staunton-style purpose-built General piece as a King minus its Christian cross (a Grandduke would substitute a saltire and an Emperor a cross of eight limbs).

Rules

Initial double-step moves are inherited from the same rule in the corresponding Straight-piece variant. If Migrants are used, they can still make a double-step move after capturing on a cell where another Migrant started (the issue never arises for Points or Brokers). En Passant is allowed using the relevant capturing move, unless Points are used in which case it never arises.

There is no Castling.

Promotion is to any other capturable piece in the same variant's array. There may be circumstances where underpromotion is worthwhile to prevent stalemate, and a Sennight may sometimes pose a more immediate threat than a Curved linepiece. A further set of subvariants, Straight-promotee, would have promotion to Glinski/McCooey pieces instead of AJ array ones, and a still further set also allow promotion of Curved pieces reaching a promotion cell to their Straight counterpart, e.g. Finch to Rook. Given the intention of avoiding Christian nomenclature these follow my suggestion in Man and Beast 01: Constitutional Characters of using straight-piece names based on the triagonal-like move lengths.

In 2-player subvariants Check, Checkmate, and Stalemate are as usual. In 3-player ones a player is Checkmated when their General is threatened by the player about to move. That player's pieces are removed from the game and the game continues with the Checkmating player's move. The player delivering the second Checkmate wins.

Notes

A third piece with a name from Jewish religious leadership, Levite (see Man and Beast 08: Diverse Directions), is specific to 3d boards and so unsuited to this 2d game.

There is a celebrity connection between this variant's setting and that of my FIDE-board variant Magna Carta Chess, my former home district of Runnymede, as the respective homes whither the comedy writers Dennis Norden and Frank Muir commuted to central London to collaborate. This was a further influence on my devising this family of variants. Their writing can still sometimes be heard on the archive radio channel Radio 4 Extra, as can their participation in the panel games My Music and My Word. The latter show ended with them giving anecdotes ending in a pun on some well-known saying, which they often set in their home areas.

Extrapolating from the Rose is especially appropriate as Rose is, like many colours, common among European Jewry's more northerly branch as a surname or beginning thereof - including the aforementioned Julie Rosenfield. Bordering Barnet on the east is Enfield, which is the rest of her surname. My Barnet friends also include a woman with the forename Rose - and a surname that's a more familiar square-board piece, King!

Not far north of Barnet (but separated from it by Hertsmere) is Saint Albans, setting for a hex variant by the name of Rose Chess. As that variant has its camps along edges rather than at corners, and is connected with a Christian saint (the eponymous Alban of Verulamium, the first British martyr) I decided not to have an AJ subvariant based on its array.

The pieces reversing the noncapturing and capturing restrictions of the Migrant/Broker/Corporal are the Vagrant/Lowlander/Contracorporal. The pieces removing the restrictions altogether are the Superpoint/Count/Sergeant.

Last revised by Fergus Duniho.